Transcript of What is Klebsiella pneumoniae? Symptoms of pneumonia and UTI caused by K. pneumoniae

asalam alaikum everybody today we'll be looking at kapsel pneumonia but before getting into the video I'd like to tell you guys that these videos are meant for educational purposes things and treatments may change over time if I get wrong or miss anything your input is always welcomed in the comment section let's jump straight into the video collapsi pneumonia that's a gr negative rod rod means it's like abysus as you can see with this picture it's a facultative anoro which means that it can live in the presence and also in the absence of oxygen and it belongs to the family of interacter AI its former name voice like its older name voice is fed Landes vasilis but later it was named claps pneumonia but before talking about claps pneumonia in detail we should know how bacteria are classified I do have a detailed video on bacterial classification if you guys are interested be sure to check it out bacteria are further classified into sparkit acid fast on the basis of acid fast Hing and all into microplasma bacteria and on the basis of gr staining bacteria are classified into gram positive we are not concerned here with that cuz we're done with them let's talk about gr negative gr negative bacteria are further subdivided into coxi for example neria like neria gonia and neria manitius and also into rods and rods are further subdivided into aerobic like pomonis and arobic like bacteroids and facultative facultative are further subdivided into curved bacteria that are caor helicobactor and Vio and also into straight ones and straight ones are further subdivided into respiratory like hemophilus Bella Legionella anotic like brucella francisella pastorella and urenia and also inter teric and related bacteria like eoli interactor Seria collapsi the topic of today's video and we've got other bacteria like salmona chagala and Proteus but that's not all gr negative bacteria also classified based on different shapes like dipl coxide cobes rods and Karma shaped dipl coxide are FR subdued based on molto fermentation if a bacteria ferments molos it's notal mingja this and if it doesn't it's neria going to react then we've got Cabas they are hemophilus influenza brucella pasturella body tell producers then we've got rods which are further subdivided based on lactose fermentation and the lactose fermentor are further subdivided into fast and slow fermenters fast ones include claps the topic of today's video eoli and interactor and slow ones include cachia and croaa and nonlactose fermenta bacteria are further subdivided based on oxidase test if a bacterium comes to be oxidase positive if pseudomonas and the oxidase negative ones are chela salmonella Proteus and urenia and then we've got Kake bacteria all the three bacteria are oxidized positive if a commade bacteria produces uas that's actually paror if it grows in 42° C temperature it's caned back to Jenine grows in alkaline media it's vioa collapsi pneumonia is responsible for causing both nosocomial means hospital acoid and Community ACO infections it causes foring infections but of them pneumonia is the most common one as is shown by the name claps pneumonia it can also cause urinary tract infections then we've got bacteria which means that clap CL is in blood and we all know that blood circulates throughout of our body so this bacteria might reach liver and meninges and cause infections there then we've got surgical side infections kapsi pneumonia is Urias positive for those of you guys who do not know what is uase and what's its test let me tell you uas is an enzyme and uase test is a test that is used to identify bacteria that are capable of hydroling Uria using the enzyme Urias so claps has an enzyme that's why it's Urias positive this bacteria ferments lactose it's indol negative it's not motile because it has got no motility apparatus like a flula some of its trains are antibiotic resistant lecture outline we're done with the introduction and classification now we'll be looking at the morphology of claps pneumoni its habitating transmission risk factors pathogenesis clinical findings lab diagnosis treatment prevention and at the end as usual will will review the lecture morphology calap is Rod shaped bacterium it's straight as you can see in this picture it's short and thick it varies in size from .5 to 8 into 1 to 2 micromet in diameter it is pink colored the reason is it's gram negative it's arranged in pairs or short chains as you can see in this picture structure it has got a thin peptidoglycan layer but it has got a very large polysac capsule that helps this bacterium erade the host defenses like it helps this bacterium to be protected from the phagocytosis this bacterium does not form spores and is non motal and another important thing is that it has got fmria fmria Health this spectrum attached to host cell where it causes infections this is how claps pneumonia looks like under the microscope straight rod-shaped bacterium habitate humans are its host as claps is found in the normal intestinal Flora of humans but in 10% of healthy people will find the Spectrum in the respiratory tract like we've got Ora farings there claps pneumonia grows better in Aerobic environment like ventilators throat respiratory Airways and lungs transmission prior to talking about the transmission let me tell you one really cool thing that is that copella does not spread through air it's not an airborne disease it causes pneumonia but it does not spread through respiratory droplets it is transmitted by a personto person contact with contaminated hands contact with contaminated equipment like ventilators IV or urinary catheters contact with contaminated water or soil and it's also transmitted by wounds which are caused by injury or surgery risk factors patients who have got low immunity I mean immun compromised individuals Advanced age like elderly people than chronic respiratory disease diabetics and people who have gotten history of alcoholism or they might currently be taking alcohol pathogenesis as we've discussed earlier that collapsi pneumonia is responsible for causing foring diseases pneumonia being the common one but it can also cause urinary tract infections bacteremia and that will cause infections in liver and menies surgical s infections now let's look at the virence factor of claps pneumonia number one in the list is polysaccharide capsule claps has got a very large polysaccharide capsule that protects it from phagocytosis thereby helping it to aade host defenses number two is fimbria that helps in its attachment to the host cell where it will cause infections now let's look at the pathogenesis in detail the first step is entry bacteria will enter either the respiratory tract or bloodstream to cause infection step number two is that it will aade host defenses its capsule will do so it will protect it from phagocytosis number three it will adhere to the host cells with the help of fmria then it will damage the host cell by causing inflammation and necrosis of surrounding tissues as infections caused by claps pneumonia are not limited to respiratory tract it has got certain other organs like un tract liver menes so if it causes infections in lungs of lungs will be involved mainly the upper ones and there it will cause inflammation and necrosis of surrounding tissues that will lead to the production of current jelly spum we're going to talk about that in just a moment if any of the diseases caused by kapella pneumonia are left untreated that will cause severe complications there are two other species of ciella that cause unusual infections in humans number one is claps ozine that causes aena and is associated with atropic ritis with symptoms of nasal congestion and headache and the second one is KSI rhinoscleromatis and that causes a destructive granuloma of nose and fings that's called rhinoscleroma and that is associated with nasal discharge with crusting nodal formation that leads to respiratory obstruction clinical findings every disease caused by claps pneumonia will have its own symptoms number one we've got pneumonia that presents with cuff that will have current jelly spom in it there we've got current plant that looks like a grap that's small sweet fruit and is seedless and this is its jelly so the patients with pneumonia CRA clapsy pneumonia will have Spen looking like that and they will also have fever nausea and vomiting techic cardia dispa and chest pain UTI these patients will have frequent urge to urinate will be disuria during micturation they will have discomfort and pain in lower abdomen fever nausea and vomiting menitis that's the inflammation of manes it will have its three characteristic symptoms the triade next stiffness sudden high fever and altered mental status lib diagnosis we'll need samples of blood SPM feces urine wound and peripheral fluid but we also collect samples from certain sites like wounds peripheral or Central IV access sites urinary catheters respiratory support equipment then we'll go for microscopy under microscope the capsule of claps pneumonia appears as a clear space around it and on gr staining this spectum comes to be gr negative because of its pink color it's Rod shaped short plump bassive and it's arranged in pairs or short chains and it varies in size from 0.5 to8 into 1 to 2 micromet in diameter it's pink colored cuz it's scram negative this is how it looks like under the microscope straight broad shaped SCB negative bacteria then we'll also go for culture as claps pneumonia has got a very large polysaccharide capsule that gives its colonies a striking mucoid appearance just like that and these colonies are pink colored the reason is the claps pneumonia is lactose fermentor the fast lactose fermentor and it grows on differential media like em eosin methylin blue and mcon kagar we'll also go for certain other tests like biochemical tests that's quilling reaction in which antibodies bind to bacterial capsule of collapsi pneumonia the antibody reaction allows it to be visualized under a microscope if the reaction is positive the capsule becomes opaque and appears like an enlarged one then we'll also go for blood test like complete blood count we'll see leucocytosis and that we'll also go for chest radiography they'll be find enlarged lobe with diffused infiltrates bod Fisher sign and upper lobe consolidation we'll also go for CT SK following medicines are used an aminoglycoside for example gyin and sephos porin for example seot aamine and carop pums are used prevention there is no vaccine against claps pneumonia infections caused by claps pneumonia are prevented by General measures like like changing the siite of intous cages removing urinary cages when they are no longer needed and taking proper care of respiratory devices and also proper hand hygiene now let's review claps pneumonia from this very cool picmonic kapella being shown as this clubbing sea line is a cram negative bacterium shown by this cam cracker negative Devil with this rod in its hand that shows that this is a bellus shaped bacterium this organism is classified as being oxidise negative the wilting oxidizing and that's often the part of normal intestinal Flora that is Illustrated as intestinal fls one feature that helps this bacterium aade the host defenses is its antiago veillance Factor this tied up macman which is the prominent polysaccharide capsule represented by polysac capsule that helps it to elude the phagocytosis and this capsule is tested for quilling reaction and collapsi has got a positive quiring reaction that is shown by these positive quel lungs where antibodies bind to its capsule kapella is also notable for producing large mucoid colonies because of its very large poly saccharide capsule and these mucoid colonies are shown by this mucous Trail it can be differentiated from other gram negative Baseline because is uas positive shown as this positive u-shaped eraser and is fast lactose fermentor the fast milk cotton ferns causing this bacterium to grow as pink colonies on mikoni aggar shown by Pink Monkey on petri dish if you guys are interested in signing up on picmonic I've got you a discount code Med and the link in the description that will give you 20% off on your purchase so what are you waiting for go sign up and have fun learning and I'll catch you in the next video till then assalamu alaykum