Transcript of What's the difference between Sterilization & Disinfection with Methods | What are Antiseptics

assalamualaikum friends welcome back to the channel today we are going to talk about sterilization and disinfection so let's jump right into the video introduction the purpose of sterilization and disinfection procedures is to prevent microbes transmission to the patients both preventive spread of infectious diseases and both can eradicate or lower the presence of pathogenic microorganisms like to outline as we are done with introduction now we'll be looking at sterilization and its method disinfection and its method then antiseptics and we'll also have a look at difference between the disinfectants and antiseptics and we'll also have a deep look at the rate of killing of microbes and at the end as usual we'll review the realization it is a killing or removal of all the microbes including bacterial spores which are highly resistant sterilization is usually carried out by autoclaving which consists of exposure to steam at 121 degrees Celsius under the pressure of 15 pound Force per square inch for 15 minutes surgical instruments that can be damaged by moist heat are usually sterilized by exposure to ethylene oxide gaze and moist intravenous Solutions are sterilized by filtration we are going to have a look at the methods don't worry crystallization has got two methods number one are the physical matters which is further classified into filtration heat and radiation number two are the chemical methods which are further classified into modification of nucleic acids disruption of cell membrane and modification of proteins let's look at the physical ones first physical methods in physical methods we use physical agents they act either by importing energy in the form of heat or radiation or by removing the organism through filtration let's look at heat first heat energy can be applied in three ways in the form of moist heat either by boiling or autoclaving or dry heat or by pasteurization in general heat kills by denaturing proteins but membrane damage and enzymatic cleavage of DNA may also be involved more State civilizes at a lower temperature than dry heat moisture civilization usually autoclaving is the most frequently used method of sterilization and it is done at a temperature of 121 degrees Celsius and is held for 15 minutes or 20 minutes at that temperature if you want to test the effectiveness of autoclaving process performing organisms such as membranes of genes clostridium we can use these organisms for that purpose sterilization by dry heat on the other hand requires temperature in the range of 180 degrees Celsius for 2 hours this process is used primarily for glassware and is used less frequently than autoclaving third one is pasteurization which is used primarily for milk and it consists of heating milk to 62 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes followed by rapid cooling this is sufficient to kill the vegetative cells of the milkborne pathogens in dry heat you can see I've written red heat flaming incineration and hot air oven let's talk about filtration filtration is the preferred method of sterilizing certain solutions for example those with heat sensitive components Solutions are filtered to make them pyrogen free prior to autoclaving the most commonly used filter is composed of nitrocellulose and has a pore size of 0.22 mm this size will retain all bacteria and spores filters work by physically trapping particles larger than the pore size and by retaining somewhat smaller particles while electrostatic attraction of the particles to the filters radiation the two types of radiations used to kill microorganisms are non-ionizing ones which include infrared and UE and the ionizing ones which include X-rays and the gamma rays radiations such as Ultra wallet light and X radiations is often used to sterilize heat sensitive items Ultra wallet light and X radiation kill by damaging DNA the sacking method of sterilization is the chemical methods chemical agents acts primarily by one of the three mechanisms the first one is disruption of lipid containing cell membranes second one is modification of proteins and the third one is modification of DNA the nucleic acid let's start talking about the disruption of cell membranes number one is alcohol ethanol is widely used to clean the skin before immunization or venipuncture it acts mainly by disorganizing the lipid structure in membranes but it denatures proteins as well ethanol requires the presence of water for maximal activity 70 ethanol is often used as an antiseptic to clean the skin prior to any puncture ethanol will not kill bacterial spores and therefore cannot be used for sterilization number two are detergents detergents are surface active agents composed of a long chain lipid-soluble hydrophobic portion and a polar hydrophilic Group which can be a Cate ion anion or a non-ionic group these surfactants interact with the lipid in the cell membrane through their hydrophobic chain and with this rounding water through their polar group and thus disrupt the membrane number three phenols phenol was the first disinfectant used in the operating room but it is rarely used as a disinfectant today because it is too caustic chlorohexidine is a chlorinated phenol that is widely used as a hand disinfectant prior to surgery and in the cleaning of wound phenols and not only damaged membranes but also denatured proteins let's talk about the modification of nucleic acid a variety of dye is not only seen microorganisms but also inhibits their growth one of these is Crystal Voile which is an antiseptic used to treat fungal infections of the skin its action is based on binding of the positively charged eye molecule to the negatively charged phosphate groups of the nucleic acid malachite green a triphenylamine Dye like Crystal boiler is a component of laurenstein jansen's medium which is used to grow mycobacterium tuberculosis the inhibits the growth of unwanted organisms in this Putin during the six-week incubation period now let's have a look at modification of proteins chlorine is used as a disinfectant to purify the water supply and to treat swimming pools iodine it is the most effective skin antisept accusing medical practice and should be used prior to obtaining a blood culture and installing intravenous catheters because contamination with skin Flora such as staphylococcus epidermidis can be a problem iodine like chlorine is an oxidant that inactivates self-hydryl containing enzymes iodine is supplied in two forms tinted of iodine and iodoforce the third ones are heavy metals Mercury and silver have the greatest antibacterial activity of heavy metals and are the most widely used in medicine they act by binding to self-hydryl groups thereby blocking enzymatic activity fourth one in the list is hydrogen peroxide it is used as an antiseptic to clean wounds its Effectiveness is limit by the organism's ability to produce catalase an enzyme that degrades hydrogen peroxide next one in the list is formaldehyde and luteraldehyde formaldehyde which is available as a 37 solution in water formalin it denatures proteins and nucleic acids while glutaraldehyde which has two reactive aldehyde groups is 10 times more effective than formaldehyde and is less toxic it is used to utilize respiratory therapy equipment endoscopes and hemodialysis equipment next one in the list is ethylene oxide the ethylene oxide gas is used extensively for sterilization of heat sensitive material such as surgical instruments and Plastics it kills by alkylating both proteins and nucleic acids the last one in the list are acids and Oakleys strong acids and alkaliers killed by denaturing proteins disinfection it is the killing of many but not all microorganisms for adequate disinfection pathogens must be killed but some organisms and bacterial spores May survive disinfectants varying their tissue damaging properties from the corrosive phenol contain compounds which should be used only on inanimate objects to less toxic materials such as ethanol and iodine which can be used on the Skin's surfaces now let's look at the methods of disinfection the physical methods of disinfection is similar to that of distillation method but the chemical methods are different chemical methods include disinfectants which include bleach which is a disinfectant that kills bacteria and viruses by oxidizing their cell membranes then we've got hydrogen peroxide and alcohol that in antiseptics we've got iodine chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide there are some biological methods in disinfection number one the bacteriophages bacteriophage is a type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and the end enzymes you guys might be familiar with enzymes these are biological catalysts that speed up any process now let's have a look at antiseptics these are the chemicals that are used to kill microorganisms and inhibit their growth they're applied on living tissues such as Skin and mucous membranes they work by disrupting these cell membranes denaturing the proteins interfering with the metabolic processes of microorganisms and leading to their death or inactivation for example a hand sanitizer the most dramatic part of the video is here it is the disinfectant sources antiseptics disinfectants and antiseptics both are used to kill microorganisms but what's the difference the difference is that disinfectant scale microorganisms on non-living surfaces like a table as you can see in this picture and antiseptics kill microorganisms on living surfaces like skin or hand as you can see in this picture disinfectants are stronger than antiseptics for example fully detergent is stronger than a hand sanitizer which means that antiseptics are weaker than disinfectants disinfectants are not safer for use on living things like you can't use a detergent prior to a mini puncture but you can use an antiseptic to do so so antiseptics are safe to use on living things technical part of today's video is the rate of killing of the microorganisms the death of microorganisms occurs at a certain rate and that is dependent primarily on two variables the concentration of killing Asian and the length of time the agent is applied in the time of application of the agent the rate of killing is defined by the relationship and is directly proportional to one over c t this equation is showing n the number of surviving organisms which is inversely proportional to the concentration of the agent C and to the time of application of the agent that is T and collectively CT is referred to as a dose if I say alternatively the number of microorganisms killed is directly proportional to CT the dose the relationship is usually stated in terms of survivors because they are easily measured by Colony formation let's review everything really quick sterilization it is a killing or removal of microbes including spores disinfection it is the killing of many but not all microbes disinfectants these kill microbes by own non-living things like a table antiseptics these kill microbes but on living things like skin and the rate of killing microbes is and is directly proportional to 1 over c t where n is the number of surviving organisms see the concentration of the killing agent and T easy time of application of that agent and CT is referred to as dose and that's it for today's video I hope you guys enjoyed it you've learned something if you really did give this video a big big thumbs up comment Down Below in the comment section and also if you want to connect with me on my socials I've got my Instagram I've got my Twitter and I do upload blogs and I'll catch you soon till then assalam alaikum