Transcript of Mr. Na's Konglish : Reading "THE EXTENDED PHENOTYPE" (7)

foreign type the language of the chapter 11. the genetical evolution of animal RT effect of Virgin symmetry of molecular biology may suggest one kind of answer which is important photosynthesis one protein chain in a promotional sense the protein is genotype effect more digital effect like eye color or behavior are in the return effects of the protein functioning as your enzyme such a simple account 2009 however you are much searching analysis would be case can be equivalent meaning Omni income level comparison even if comparison with at least one alternative cause it is strictly incomplete to speak of blue eyes as effective G1 if we say such a thing it really imply the potential existence of a list one alternative element called G2 and at least one alternative phenotype P2 in this case say brown eyes apprecially you are making a statement about the relation between a pair of Gene G1 G2 and available is extinguishable phenotype P1 P2 you know the environmental which is either is constant foreign which taken to include all the genes of other laws and must be present in order for P1 or P2 to be expressed our statement each day the original statistically tendency for individuals with G1 to be more likely than individual with G2 you just show P1 rather than P2 of course there is no needle to demand that P1 should all lay to be associated with G1 no other G1 should already read to P1 in the real world outside the logic test will the simple conceptable necessary and sufficient most usually be replaced by statistical UK balance types are not caused by Genesis caused by Gene may seem to weaken the concept bubble of genetic determination to the point they'll read CGS to be interesting this is far from the case at least if the subject of our interest of natural natural selection because that's a selection tool is concerned you do differences natural selection is the process by which is some areas are from faget they were alternative and the instrument by Fiji they achieve they are developing effect can always be so over a relatable to Alternative phenotype effect it's a customary to speak a deep difference allergy difference between individual bodies or other discrete speakers the purpose of the next three chapter is to show that we can emancipate the concept of the phenotypic difference from that of the discrete typical altogether and this is the meaning of the title extended prototype I shall show that the ordinary logic of 30 terminology inevitably to the conclusion that genes can be said to be extended phenotypic effect which indeed do not be expressed any particular vehicle following on all your favor I shall take a step-by-step approach to the extended phenotype and gradually extending the concept of the phenotype of the word so that the continual TG easily to accept the idea of the genetic determination of animal artifact is the actively useful intermediate example and this will be the main topic of this chapter construction a whole immediate molecular effect is the senses of black protein which is directly color the skin of the animal plant then the genes only approximately packed in the molecular biologist simple sense is the synthesis of this one polar protein but each a or G for the black for being black the point I want to make is that as a matter of definition that depends on how the population varies the black pigment so that individual homogeneous for a prime tend to be white in this case a is usually origin for being black in the sense in which I wish to use the phrase but in May alternatively be there all the variation with skin color that actually occurs in the population is due to variation at a quite different locals p pH immediately are you chemically packed is the senses of a protein which is not black pigment but future act agent enjoy one of the whole different effects in comparison is alive as some distance removed is the facilitation of the synthesis of a of the black pigment in skin cells is a black pigment is necessary in order for an individual to be black because they are necessary to make the individual uses at all but I shall as I shall call a or Jin problem is some of the variation of the in the population is to to leg of a if all individuals without pay have a and the Omni region individuals are not black issue they have a b frame other than B I shall I shall say that a is affecting planes is a refer to both A and B as genes for bolognese the point that is relevant here is that both A and B are potentially entitled to be called genes for planes depending on the alternative that exists in the population the effect that the Casual chain linking a to the production of the black pigment molecular is short why that power B is wrong in totals is you irrelevant most most Genesis in by animal biologists and all those seen by astrologists are wrong and tortoise Genesis colleague has argued that there are virtually no Behavior genetic plays because all those support is covered have turned out to be byproducts of more fundamental or political or physiological effects is morphological physiological or behavioral if not a fire product about something more fundamental if we think the metal through you find the alternative effect by a product except protein molecules example Behavior link suppose that a can synthesize product pigment only in the presence of sunlight and the supposed P works by making individuals sick sunlight in comparison with the P5 which make them thick shade the individual will then tend to be blacker than b Prime individual because they spend more time in the sun which still by existing terminological convention or Gene for planes or less than a to the B if is your quadrant chain involved the internal biochemistry only rather than on external behavioral Loop indeed a generosity test in the pure sense of the world of the world did not care about the detailed pathway from Gene to cannotape effect strictly speaking artists who concerned himself with these interesting method to temporarily wielding the head of one in embryologists the four Alternatives is concerned with end product and in particular its differences between LA and their effect on and products Natural Selections are concerned precise a little saying for natural selection works on outcomes the interim conclusion is the you are already accustomed to phenotype effects being attached to their genes a long and devious chain of cultural connection therefore photo extension of the concept of phenotypic should not overstretch our graduality this sector takes the poster to the search photo extension I'm looking at animal art paint as example of the phenotype expression of the genes