Transcript of Taenia solium Lifecycle | Pork Tapeworm | Cestodes| Taeniasis and Cysticercosis | MEDZUKHRUF

asalamu alaikum everyone welcome to another episode of parasytes Series today we are going to discuss Tena Solium in my recent video I've discussed what are CEST toes if you haven't watched that one just watch that first and then come here then you'll have a great GP on this topic but before getting into the video I'd like to tell that these videos are meant for educational purposes things and treatments may change with time if I get wrong or miss anything your input is always welcomed in the comment section let's get started there are two important human pathogens in the genus tenia first Solium also called as pork tape form and tenia saginata also called as the beef tape lecture outline first I'll introduce you to the tenia Solium then we'll talk about its morphology habitate and transmission life cycle pathogenesis and epidemiology clinical findings lab diagnosis immunity treatment and finally the prevention teniasis it is caused by tenia Solium and tenia saginata the adult womm of the tenia Solium causes causes the Cy soses but on the other hand just the adult worm of the tenia saginata is responsible for teniasis its La do not cause Cy soses tenia Solium belongs to the phm platty Helman it is a Sesto a tape form it is also called pork tape form it affects both humans and pigs morphology it has three different forms in its life the first one is egg it is spherical it is 4 to 48 micrometers in diameter it is blue to purple or sometimes brown in color it is surrounded by a thick stried wall as you can see in this picture containing a hexacanth six hooked embryo oncosphere the next stage is lava that is singular and its plural is La it develops from six hooked embryo the oncosphere that hatches from an egg it is called cytic Circus it has a psz fluid filled bladder invaginated scol it takes 3 months to become an adult w adult worm it is 5 cm or 2 to 7 m in size the worm of tenia Solium is smaller than the worm of tenia saginata it is white in color adult worm has the following scx with four suckers and a circle and double row of hooks gravid PRL with five to 10 primary utrine branches the grait terminal glits contain many eggs and they have 800 segments entire body is called stroba this picture you can see the tape firm the tenia Solium it has this surrounded head the scx then a straight neck and then this whole body is called Stella which contains some segments these multiple segments each segment is called proglottid and the mature segments are called gravid prds which contain pigs are the intermediate hosts uh their muscles contain Cy Sakai and human beings are the definitive hosts and uh they have eggs worms uh and Cy ciry the lav transmission it occurs by ingesting raw undercooked pork or food and water contaminated with human feces and those feces which contain the eggs from an in egg of this tenia Solium from an infected person life cycle it has two cycles the first one is human cycle and the second one is pig cycle inas say the adult tape form is located in human intestine mainly the small intestine in the small intestine the lava attached to the gut wall and take about 3 months to grow into adult worm measuring up to 5 m the gravid terminal prds containing many eggs DET daily and are passed in feces and are accidentally eaten by pigs note that pigs are infected by the worm eggs therefore it is the LA the Cy Sakai that are found in the pig a six hooked embryo oncosphere emerges from each egg in the pig's intestine the embryos burrow into a blood vessle and are carried to the skeletal muscle there they develop into cyy ciry where they remain until eaten by a human humans as we discussed earlier are the definitive hosts and pigs are the intermediate hosts also pigs do not have the adult WS in their intestine so they are not the source of EGS that cause the human C soses okay the um cycle the life cycle of tenia Solium has completed but it actually has two parts like the first one involves the Peg and in the second one it does not involve the pig why because um of its transmission uh there are two methods as we discussed earlier in the one it is transmitted by eating raw or undercooked pork and in the other method of transmission uh um the infection spreads to humans through eating or drinking food or water contaminated with human feces that contains eggs from of the tenus Solium from an infected person so uh if that case happens then this is the life cycle and this is the disease that is called Cy sosis it is not called the teases in Cy a more dangerous sequence occurs when a person ingests the warm eggs in food or water that has been contaminated with human feces note that in sycosis humans are infected by eggs excreted in human feces note by ingesting undercooked pork the eggs hatch in the small intestine and the oncosphere burrow through the wall into a blood vessel they can deaminate to many organs or an especially eyes skin and brain where they an each Cy circus contains a lava diagrammatic representation of the life cycle of tenia solum in the first step as I mentioned earlier when we were studying the theory that people eat raw or undercooked pork containing CEST of tape W uh it's La the Cai in the second step after injection in the small intestine the C Cai mat show into an adult where it attaches itself to the wall of the small intestine and starting burrowing and in the third step adult worms produce segments that bear eggs called preds these segments are called pred which may release eggs or detach from tap forms and in the fourth step the eggs are visualized in the stools because they have been passed from the body with this tool and in the fifth step uh pigs or people are infected by ingesting eggs or the eggs bearing prors whether the person or the pig is taking food or water contaminated with these feces in the case of the pig um if a human eats undercooked pork then the infection is going to occur and in the other scenario what will happen the person will ingest food contaminated with the um feces containing those eggs pathogenesis the adult tape worm attached to the intestinal wall causes little damage the cytic Sakai on the other hand can become very large especially in the brain and this infection is called neuros syy soses and where it can manifest as a space occupying lesion living Cy Sakai do not cause inflammation but when they die they can release substances that provoke an inflammatory response eventually disai calcify epidemiology this infection is most common in US it occurs worldwide but is endemic in Asia South America and Eastern Europe It Is frequent in the areas where pigs are in excess pigs have access to human feces that contains the eggs from an infected person and consumption of raw or undercooked pore clinical findings most patients with adult tapeworm are asymptomatic but anorexia abdominal pain diarrhea lethargy can occur some patients May notice proglottids in this tool CIS cosses in brain as I mentioned earlier is called neurosis sosis and it can cause headache confusion vomiting and Caesar cytic soses in eye it is responsible for UTIs retinitis and laa in witus subcutaneous nodules containing Cy aai commonly occur cysts also are commonly found in sceletal muscle lab diagnoses we'll need specimen like blood we'll take tissue uh while doing a biopsy and we'll also need a stool sample first we'll go for microscopy uh for the identification of 5 to 10 utrine branches of the gravid pred in contrast to tinia seata which has 15 to 20 primary utrine branches right and cysts are found in the tissue cuz we have done biopsy and after biopsy we visualize that tissue pot under the microscope and then we see the cyst if the patient is s suffering from cyst sosis eggs are also found in the stools and that are less often found than the preds diagnosis of cyst soses depends on demonstrating the presence of the cyst in the tissue usually by surgical removal or computed tomography the city SC serologic tests for example enzyme linked immunosorbant sa e l i sa a Eliza that detect antibodies to Tena Solium antigens and those are available but they may be negative in neuros syy immunity the exact mechanism and nature of the immunity has not been identified but the research has shown that type two immune response generates against the infection cause ratina solum the treatment of choice for intestinal worms is Pro quantal 5 to 10 Mig per kilogram once Orly the treatment of choice for cytic sosis is either pru quantal or albendazol but Surgical exision may be necessary nyos amide is drug of choice for Neurosis to sosis prevention prevention from teases involves cooking pork adequately and disposing waste means the human feces properly so that pigs cannot ingest human feces prevention of sycosis consists of treatment of patients to prevent Auto infection plus observation of proper hygiene including hand washing to prevent contamination of food with the eggs and remember do not eat undercooked pork or pork at all let's review everything real quick the name of organism is tenia stum its mode of transmission is that it is transmitted to the humans by ingesting the lav in undercooked pork or by eating the food or drinking the VOA contaminated with human feces that contains the eggs its intermediate host is pig and its definitive host is human being the main size affected in human body are intestine mainly the small intestine and brain and eyes and the brain and eyes are infected by the Cai the LA diagnosis diagnosis is made by visualizing prors in the stool and biopsy of the tissue and computerized tomography skin treatment proy quantal for the adult wors and proyal or alazul or surgical removal of cukar it has no insect Vector the stage that infects human the first one is that Lara in the undercooked pork and the eggs in food or water contaminated with human feces stage in humans most associated with the disease adult tape form and inter intin and C circus in the brain that causes the space occupying lesions there the important stages outside human is La in the muscle of the pig that's it for today's video I hope it made sense I hope you guys enjoyed it if you have any suggestion feel free to share with me in the comment section don't forget to connect with me on all of my socials I've got my Instagram where I upload amazing infographics for your information I've got my Twitter and I really upload blogs so don't forget to check that out and as always till next time assalamu alaykum