Transcript of Digital Learning Resources and Open Educational Resources | Dr. Primo G. Garcia

[Music] good day for this session we'll be discussing resource-based learning as a framework for the use of digital learning resources in teaching and learning we'll be defining digital learning resources as well as open educational resources recently there has been greater emphasis on active learning students nowadays are considered active Constructors of knowledge rather than mere recipients of information from their teachers resource-based learning is one of the approaches that promotes active learning it is an educational model where students are encouraged and enabled to use a variety of print non-print and human educational resources to seek information and solve problems the use of different educational resources also accommodates vared interests experiences learning styles needs and ability levels of students now what are educational or learning resources this refers to any form of material whether produced purchased or acquired developed or created for instructional purposes they can be applied for formal nonformal or informal teaching and learning purposes it includes the informational content as well as the learning activity in which this content is embedded now learning resources can either be print non print human resources like the teacher we combine these learning resources to support the learning outcomes of the curriculum now we all know that teachers are the most important Learning Resource in the classroom but why use other learning resources learning resources allow Learners to explore collaborate solve problems create and develop new ideas as well as Knowledge and Skills using different learning resources also provides learning experiences that are suitable to different kinds of Learners now recently more and more people are using digital learning resources because of the advances in ICT digital learning resources are digitally formatted materials included in the context of a course they may range from digital asset like an image a video or an audio clip or to a course Weare which is composed of package digital assets and activities to promote learning digital learning resources can also be classified in terms of their format they could either be text Graphics audio video animation simulation just like the virtual world and second life and games like Minecraft portal and Spore now they can also be classified in terms of their granularity digital resources can either be a courseware or software for courses which are purpose-built computer-based resources designed for Education and Training or they can be web resources which is basically any information available on the web that is relevant to the learning aim they are usually left unchanged or UNM modified and the teacher simply provides Learners with the links to these resources one I use digital learning resources in the first place well compared to print they can be easily updated in terms of content since they are interactive they can better Engage The Learners they also expand the learning opportunities because the online tools allow Learners to interact Beyond The Four Walls of the classroom using different types of digital learning resources also allows for personalized learning to suit different learning styles abilities since the web records all the interactions of the students it is easier for the teacher to monitor student progress an online assessment also allows for immediate feedback to Learners online tools also facilitates Collaborative Learning and it also promotes digital literacy which prepares learners for transitioning to employment if you want your learners to apprehend or understand understand and information that you have presented then a narrative medium is preferred examples of narrative medium would be web pages and websites ebooks images video files PowerPoint slides and animation if you want your learners to explore or investigate or do some research then an interactive medium is used examples of interactive medium would be hyper media search engines gateways and portals if the task involves experimentation and practice or acquisition of skill we use an Adaptive medium examples of which would be virtual world simulations models and interactive tutorials now for task involving communication between individuals and groups we have communicative tools which can either be synchronous like chat video conferencing and instant messaging and asynchronous which could either be email or discussion boards now if want our students to articulate or Express their understanding of the subject by generating or constructing their own representation of that phenomenon then we make use of productive Technologies examples of these would be web and multimedia authoring tools word processing tools image processing tools or audio and video capture and editing tools blogs wikis shared write and draw systems in selecting digital resources for our teaching and learning purposes we have to consider these guidelines first accessibility the resources must be organized in ways that make them easy to access and locate resources that are located in websites that require login are not accessible the resources must be current and up to date they must be rich in terms of the way they reflect a variety of perspectives there must be purposeful use of media appropriate media is used and the usability of the resource is enhanced by the media for example video is more appropriate in showing a process or a procedure or an actual reality while complicated concepts are as explained in text and lastly the resources should demonstrate social cultural and gender inclusivity we have been using digital learning resources for quite some time but there has never been a time when there is intense use of digital learning resources for Education this is thanks to open educational resources open educational resources is just like any educational resource except for one basic difference it's license an oer is simply an educational resource that already incorporates a license that facilitates reuse and potentially adaptation thus you don't have to request permission from the copyright holder for the condition specified UNESCO defines OE as teaching learning and research materials that are in the public domain or released with an intellectual property license that allows for free use adaptation and distribution the Paris Oar Declaration of 2012 encourages governments to contribute to the awareness and the use of O and to develop strategies and policies to integrate oer in education there's a wide range of oer in the web we have full courses course modules syllabi lectures homework and assignments quizzes lab and classroom activities pedagogical materials games simulations Curriculum maps textbooks streaming videos multimedia applications podcasts and other resources contained in digital media collections now oer is part of the open movement which includes the open source open source software Open Source Hardware Open Standards Open Access open design open knowledge open data open content open courseware and open educational practice all these open movements share common values in terms of sharing of resources minimization of duplication promoting economic efficiency and avoiding strict copyright restrictions now why open OE assumes that knowledge should be disseminated to everybody for the benefit of the whole society it acknowledges the right of Lear Learners to participate within the knowledge Society to be a Creator to govern and develop one's own knowledge to use reuse recycle rework and share knowledge Resources with others what are the advantages of using an oer first the open license gives you freedom of access both for yourself and others it avoids vendor lock in or a situation in which you have to use one company's products and as a result you have freedom from proprietary systems and corporations all this leads to lower cost for the students the different use of oers or digital learning resources encourages pedagogical Innovation and for those who make oers it also provides opportunity for collaboration it is very helpful to Future Educators as well as to developing nations that are resource poor and for those who make OE they may potentially lead to publicity or recognition to those who produce and distribute o and this can also lead to other business models what are the disadvantages of oer first we need to check the accuracy of oer before use in the past we have been accustomed to uh relying on the reputation of the publisher but in this case we have to verify the accuracy of the Oar first some oers may not meet the accessibility requirements for persons with disabilities and some have technical requirements that vary and those that require you to use a particular software some may need a high degree of customization called localization in the Oar community and for those who make oer some of those teachers may not be rewarded by the system for their efforts and some institutions may be concerned about giving it away now the question is how open is an open license there is basically a broad range of legal Frameworks that may govern the use of O but the most common example would be the Creative Commons or CC the creative commment ensures that the authors of materials can retain acknowledgement for their work while allowing it to be shared can seek to restrict commercial activity if they wish and can aim to prevent people from adopting it if appropriate there are different CC licenses we have attribution attribution share alike attribution no derivatives attribution non-commercial attribution non-commercial share alike and attribution non-commercial no derivatives for more details about these licenses you can refer to creativecommons.org now how do we find these oer there are a number of search engines that you can use most of these were developed and funded by like-minded organizations examples of oer search engines are jorum oer commons temoa University learning expert oer Dynamic search engine Open professional education Network National Science Digital Library iberry Merlot and academic Earth a good oer has the following characteristics first it is findable meaning it can be found in multiple locations it can be clearly described it is clearly licensed normally through Creative Commons it is from a source you can trust like an academic institution or an academic that you know it can be easily modified it is freestanding meaning it does not assume knowledge of other resources it is free of copyright content it is being used or recommended by people like you and it can be imperfect it just needs to work for you you from this session we have learned that learning resources enable us to promote Active Learning digital learning resources allow us to meet the diverse needs of our Learners while preparing them for the challenges of an increasingly Digital Society open educational resources provide us with means to achieve these learning goals by making knowledge products available to more people thank you