Transcript of Can the Subaltern Speak? by Gayathri Chakravorty Spivak| Analytical Summary| II MA., |தமிழில்

hello everyone welcome to my class topic can the subon Speak by gatri chakti SP this is a prescribed syab for second PG students in coure and writings of the marginalized thank you so with a small int let us get into the class this this introduction is on spak gatri chakravati spak is an Indian scholar literary theorist and feminist critic multitalented she's a university Professor University she is considered one of the most influential post Colonial intellectuals post Colonial critic speeches W Poston identity SP is best known for her ESS can the speak this was published in the year 1988 okay and she has also done a translation of an introduction to Jack D's D grammatology he has created the term deconstruction decr transl English okay she has referred to herself as a practical Marxist feminist deconstructionist she's she wants her she wants to be called as a feminist at the same time she also wants to be a deconstructionist okay Marxist okay now can the speak topic yes the next paragraph um we are going to deal with an introduction to I'm not going with text [Music] can speak discusses if the marginalized group can have their voice in dominant social historical narratives if the marginalized grou marginal poed okay mention she says she discusses if the marginalized group can have their voice in dominant social historical so the post Colonial Contex SP critics Western intellectuals for silencing these groups WT ual for silencing these groups through their interpretations and inventions grps marginal fourth countries okay European powers the Masters the colonized Nations such as India Sri Lanka South Africa Nations through their interpretations and inventions arguing that the subon are often unable to speak or to be heard because their voice are mediated distorted or ignored by more power forces okay soes Poston context Colonial countries okay colonized we getting into the can the saalan speak an analytical essay introduction gatri chakrawarti spivok is a post Colonial theorist she calls herself a practical Marxist feminist deconstructionist feminist deconstructionist shees and dismantles Western centers and challenges them over history and Prejudice dis cers she considers postmodernism as politically contradictory and ambivalent postern in the textand speak she tries to over through the binary opposition between subject and object self and other oxident and Orient Center and marginal and the majority and minority Poston theories first marginalized literature first okay self other o or oppositions she introduces the question of gender difference in the work the ter original military sense saalan refers to a junior officer or someone in a subordinate position saal [Applause] this term is adopted by Antonio gramsky in Marx theorist okay to refer to those groups in society who are subject to the hey of ruling classes okay Marxist classes include pants workers and other groups denied access to heon power dominant according to SP saalan is the term she uses the term to those who belong to Third World count England first world country r Second World countries indigenous people tribal people fourth world she says that we are called as ESS she is talking that all third world countries are called suban people excuse me it is impossible for them to speak up as they are divided by gender Class cast religion uh and other Nar and otheres div ler World these divisions do not allow them to stand up in unity understand the term saalan as used by gri SP refers to marginalized groups in third world countries who are unable to speak or be heard due to divisions based on gender class critics application of8 okay spiv critics the application of universal Frameworks in investigating other cultures frame Americans un [Music] so uses the Indian practice of as an example when husband is died uh is dead okay when when a husband dies or when a husband is Dead The Women should also die with and introduces gender and sexual difference as crucial elements in sub the term was originally coined by Antonio gramsky to describe unorganized masses that needed to be politicized for a workers Revolution okay okay the term the term Universal Frameworks okay 1980s ranit guha and the saalon studies group adopted the term to focus on the disenfranchised in India so I'll repeat this again um excuse me sorry for the interruption sorry for interruptions okay I'll repeat spiva critics the application of universal Frameworks in investigating other cultures using the Indian practice ofal framewor okay it means the term sub the first use originally coined by used by used by Antonio gramsky to describe unorganized masses that needed to be politicized for your workers Revolution worku the workers reolution first in the year in the 1980s 1980s Indian post Colonial theorist and thean studies group they adopted the term to focus on the disenfranchised in India disenfranchised people an studies disadvantaged people suppressed people also reflected on this concept in his philosophical discussion indigenous groups and constructed truths practice constr truths ranit GHA describes saalan classes as the majority of India's people excluding the elite and uses people and to mean the same thing majority people excluding the [Music] people these groups include powerful indigenous groups at both national and local levels groups gatri spivok uses deconstruction to show how ideas and truths are shaped gatri spok okay she criticizes how Western ideas often dominate the truth okay African uses the example of sa Hindu practice where widows were borned with their dead husbands but they claimed they were saving Indian woman okay saying white men saved Brown women from Brown men white men Europeans saved Brown women from Brown men for this made the British look civilized and Indians seem barbaric justifying British okay what does this mean however Indian women's voices were ignored in this process SP argues that our identities and beliefs are not made by us but are written by outside forces okay now I hope you understood can the speak knowledge is Not Innocent topic knowledge is Not Innocent knowledge [Music] in argues that knowledge is Not Innocent because it is closely linked to power often used as a tool of Oppression especially in colonial and postcolonial Contex knowledge it is closely linked to power so it is closely linked to power and often used as a tool of Oppression knowledge people okay so knowledge is Not Innocent okay especially in and post okay she believes that understanding this helps challenge dominant ideas and give space to silence voices okay criticizes thinkers like fuku and for committing epistemic Violence by imposing eurocentric knowledge into third world [Applause] countries thir world she sees Western academic thought as being created to serve Western economic interest sot treating knowledge as a commodity export to the [Music] world that is why she calls knowledge is Not Innocent this Western knowledge shapes our identities making Europe the ideal for third world people knowledge according to SP always reflects the interest of those who produce it next one critic of thinking spiva uses Marxist ideas to criticize leftist for thinking all the third world people are the same and face the same problems this view HS in three wayss in three left view it lets Outsiders try to fix which leads toes all sub are sh the same culture and it makes depend on Western thinkers to speak for them instead of letting them speak [Music] fors 198 okay ideology it makes depend on Western thinkers to speak for them okay these are some of the problems in leftist ideology example oflight the suicide of an ordinary women baneswar B to show how outside forces affect the suban outs for she took her own life because she refused to participate in a mission where she was expected to carry out an act for someone else's CA she refused to participate in the mission she was expected to to carry out an act for someone else's cause so I will detail what happened to2 she refuses to do so in ofing after shees love ilate love [Music] uses this story to demonstrate how the subon is impacted by external pressures and lacks the space to make independent choices she wants to demonstrate however after her death her family misinterpreted her actions framing her Su as a result of unrepeated Love rather a protest against this spiva concludes that it is impossible to reclaim and rewrite history within a western frame even that it is impossible to reclaim and reite history within a western framework as this framework often constructs truths for just as family therefore she argues that the cannot truly speak for themselves SP uh so conclusion of the essay SP tries to overthrow the binary opposition between object self other oxident Orient Center marginal and majority and minority that she concludes that the cannot speak cannot speak can the speak she can no she cannot speak can the sub speak no she cannot speak this this very famous and speak hope you like my explanation like And subscribe for more such videos press the Bell icon for continuous notifications and thank you for watching